Everyday Science Final Paper
A psychrometer is an instrument commonly used in laboratories to measure relative humidity in the air. An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit.
Ammeter:an instrument used for measuring electric current in amperes. voltmeter:an instrument calibrated in volts that measures the electromotive force or potential difference between two points in a circuit. (iii) Adrenalin is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Gland, vital endocrine gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream, situated, in humans, on top of the upper end of each kidney. The two parts of the gland—the inner portion, or medulla, and the outer portion, or cortex—are like separate organs: They are composed of different types of tissue and perform different functions. The adrenal medulla, composed of chromaffin cells, secretes the hormone epinephrine, also called adrenaline, in response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at times of stress. The medulla also secretes the hormone norepinephrine, which plays a role in maintaining normal blood circulation. The hormones of the medulla are called catecholamines. Unlike the adrenal cortex, the medulla can be removed without endangering the life of an individual. The adrenal outer layer, or cortex, secretes about 30 steroid hormones, but only a few are secreted in significant amounts. Aldosterone, one of the most important hormones, regulates the balance of salt and water in the body. Cortisone and hydrocortisone are necessary to regulate fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Adrenal sex steroids have a minor influence on the reproductive system. Modified steroids, now produced synthetically, are superior to naturally secreted steroids for treatment of Addison's disease and other disorders
9. (a) Write response on the following: (i) The method by which men provides for his everyday needs and desires is called (Technology, Engineering, Versatility) (ii) Of all the flying machines, man has made only (Balloon Jet Air Craft, Rockets) are suitable for space flight. (iii) Transistors do not need a warm up period because they have no (Plate, Grid, Filament) (iv) If an object gives off its own light, it is said to be (transparent, illuminated,luminous) (v) An electric heater would be most likely to produce (X-rays, Ultra Violet, I R Radiations) (b) Fill in the blanks: (i) If the mass/volume ratio of a box containing stones is equal to the mass volume ratio of a box containing feather than the box containing stones has smaller volume of material in it. (ii) In any one kind of atom, the number of proton, electrons is the same, it is the number of neutrons which may change from atom to atom of the same element. (iii) The Kelvin scale of temperature is called the absolute scale. (iv) The type of radiation hat is unaffected by magnetic field is called alpha. (v) If we know the mass of an object and the force applied on it, it is possible to calculate acceleration of the object. 11. Match the following pairs from list I & list II Answers: List I…………….... ..…List II Kidney…………....… .Nephron Proteins………….... .Amino acid Photosynthesis.… .Plant Heredity…………... .Chromosomes Hemophilia………... .Bleeding disease Neuron…………...… .Nerve cell Pace Maker…..…. .Heart Virus……………....… Hepatitis Antigen…………... …Antibody Amphibian……….. ..Frog 14. (a) Name the organs responsible for the following functions present in either elements, plants or human.
a) Vision b) Reproduction c) Hormone secretion d) Blood pumping e) Food storagea) Eye b) Gonades c) Glands d) Heart e) Stem and stomach (b) Fill in the blanks: (i) Active transport in animals and plants required metabolic energy and concentration gradient to carry the substances across cell membranes electrical gradient. (ii) Diseases that spread through air are called air born disease. (iii) Large trees give off aerial roots for the support of their heavy spreading branches. (iv) When iron is less in body the quantity of hemoglobin in cell decreases. (v) Arteries become hard due to deposition of fats in them.
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4. Attempt any five of the following (a) The solar system has: (i) 9 planets (ii) 12 planets (iii) 16 planets Ans. Now there are 8 major and several dwarf planets. (b) The science of study of old age is called: Ans. (i) Gerontology (ii) Carcinology (iii) Nephrology (c) The instrument used for measuring the velocity of air: (i) Barometer Ans. (ii) Anemometer (iii) Potometer (d) The science which deals with the bird is called: (i) Entomology Ans. (ii) Ornithology (iii) Herpetology (e) The function of the thermostat in a refrigerator is: (i) To increase the freezing point (ii) To Lower the temperature Ans. (iii) To maintain the temperature (f) Blotting paper absorbs ink because: (i) It has a chemical affinity for ink Ans. (ii) The action of capillary (iii) The force of gravitation acts between blotting paper and ink. (g) Mirage is an example of: (i) Reflection of light (ii) Refraction and internal reflection of light (iii) Polarization of light 6. Where are the following animals found? Answer any five.
a) Kangaroo b) Kiwi c) Llama d) Ibex e) Panda f) Snow Leopard g) Penguin a) Australia b) New Zealand c) South America d) Himalaya, Abyssinia e) North India f) Central Asian Mountains g) Cooler waters and along the coastlines in Southern Hemisphere7. Name the sources of any five of the following biological products.
a) Musk b) Codeine c) Cocaine d) Quinine e) Colchicines f) Digilain a) Abdominal gland of male musk deer b) From opium c) Cocaine d) Bark of cinchona e) From colchicum f) Leaves from the purple foxglove; a plantDifferentiate between any five of the following: Answers: a) DNA & RNA RNA: It is single stranded molecule. Contains Ribose sugar. contains adanine, guanine ,cytosine, & uracil bases. generally located in cytoplasm. is of three kinds DNA: Double stranded deoxyribose. contains adanine, guanine cytosine and thymine bases is of one kind b) Alloy and Amalgam: Alloy: Substance composed of two or more metals. Alloys, like pure metals, possess metallic luster and conduct heat and electricity well, although not generally as well as do the pure metals of which they are formed. Compounds that contain both a metal or metals and certain nonmetals, particularly those containing carbon, are also called alloys. The most important of these is steel. Simple carbon steels consist of about 0.5 percent manganese and up to 0.8 percent carbon, with the remaining material being iron. Amalgam: Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with one or more metals. d) Stars and Planets: Stars: Heavenly bodies that shine by its own light and remains relatively fixed in position among the other bodies in the universe.light and energy is generated in a star by the conversion of hydrogen into helium. Planet: Opaque bodies revolving around the sun in its own orbit & also rotating on its own axis, shines by reflection of the light of other stars( such as sun). e) Gas and Vapour: The terms vapor and gas can be used interchangeably, although in practice, vapor is used for a substance that is normally in liquid or solid state, such as water, benzene, and iodine. It has been proposed that the use of the term vapor be restricted to a gaseous substance below its critical point; the temperature at which it may be liquefied by the application of sufficient pressure) and the term gas should be used above the critical temperature when the existence of the substance in the liquid or solid state is impossible. This usage is essentially arbitrary because all gaseous substances follow a similar behavior both above and below the critical point. f) Brass and Bronze: Brass: an alloy of copper and zinc Bronze: an alloy of copper and tin 13. Name two diseases caused by following groups of micro-organisms.
a) Bacteria b) Viruses c) Protozoa d) Fungi a) Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Cholera b) Poliomyelitis, Influenza c) Sleeping sickness, Amoebic dysentery d) Ringworm, Actinomycosis
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1. Which of the following statements are false and which are true. a) Urea is a phosphorous fertilizer. False b) Ibn Baitar was a renowned Muslim Botanist. True c) Penicillin was discovered by Edward Jenner. False d) Cellulose is a natural polymer. True e) Vitamin A and D are water soluble. False f) Amoeba is a unicellular animal. True g) Solar eclipse occurs in full moon. False h) Water is a bad conductor of electricity. False i) Leprosy is a disorder of the nervous system. False j) Chlorofluorocarbons cause decomposition of ozone. True 4. Fill in the blanks with correct choice. 1. Quartz is chemically a silicate. 2. Chicken egg is composed of one cell. 3. Visible light energy has the wavelength range of 400 to 700. 4. The particles with positive charge but having mass equal to that of electron is called proton. 5. Gas in children’s play-balloons going upward is Helium. 6. Standard pressure is 760 mm. 7. Iron corrodes due to the formation of Iron Oxide. 8. Explain in detail what is a balanced diet; name a nutrient present in each of the following food:
1. Apple 2. Bread 3. Meat 4. Butter 5. Orange 6. Egg 7. Milk 8. Spinach 1. Vitamin C 2. Starch 3. Vitamin A 4. Vitamin A 5. Vitamin C 6. Vitamin D 7. Vitamin A, C, D 8. Vitamin K 12. Name the instruments used for measuring each of the following:
(i) Pressure (ii) Voltage (iii) Purity of milk (iv) Temperature (v) Velocity of wind (i). Barometer (ii). Voltmeter (iii). Lactometer (iv). Thermometer (v). Anemometer 15. Fill in the blanks: (i) Starch is a polymer of glucose. (ii) A big astronomical observatory known as the Royal Greenwich, London was established during the reign of Caliph Mamoon. (iii) Adrenalin is secreted by the Adrenal gland. (iv) Mars planet is nearest to the earth. (v) CFC is the abbreviation of Chlorofluorocarbon. (vi) The process of conversion of a material from solid state directly to gaseous state is called sublimation. (vii) A junction diode is formed by PWP semiconductor pieces whereas junction transistor is a sandwich made up of PNP transistor.
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1. Which of the following statements are true and which are false: a) Bacteria are parasites. True b) Ruby is an Oxide of Aluminum. True c) In the Australian continent, days are longer than nights in June. False d) Gypsum is hydrated calcium carbonate chemically. False e) Twenty-three moons revolve around Saturn. False f) Pluto is the coldest planet. True – provided that if we consider it a planet. g) Chromite ore contains chromium oxide. True h) Mica is a nonconductor of electricity. True i) Sun is the biggest star in the universe. False j) The earth completes one rotation about its axis in 365.25 days. False 4. Fill in the blanks: (i) The capacity to do work is called energy. (ii) The energy possessed by a body due to its position is called potential energy. (iii) Kitab al-Manazir is a publication by a famous Muslim scientist about optics. (iv) Nucleus usually lies in the centre of an animal cell. (v) Calcium and phosphorus are the essential elements of bones. (vi) Proteins are formed by combination of amino acids. (vii) Rainwater dissolves sulphur dioxide to form sulphuric acid. (viii) The set of instructions given to a computer is called command. (ix) Chemicals such as penicillin which act on bacteria are called antibiotics. (x) Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 hit the planet Mars in July this year (collision took place in July 1994) 7. Give brief answers for any five of the following: (i) Name the two proteins found in milk. Ans. albumin, globulin and casein (ii) What organ of human body controls the amount of water and salt in blood? Ans. kidneys (iii) Drugs are classified into five major groups. Define any two. Antibiotics Antiparasitic Antiviral Antiprotozoal Hormonal (iv) How do chromosomes in a male and female differ in a human body. Male XY Female XX (v) Which two gases do you exhale more than you inhale? Ans. Carbon dioxide and oxygen (vi) Name any two glands which secretes hormones in human body Ans. Thyroid and Pituitary , Pancreas 9. Differentiate between any five of the following pairs. (i) Veins and arteries: Veins: carry deoxygenated blood to heart from body parts and arteries carry oxygenated blood from body parts to heart. Veins are thin and less elastic than arteries. (ii) PNP and NPN transistor: PNP transistors is the one in which one N, type semiconductor is sandwiched in between two P type or accepter diodes while NPN transistor is the one in which two N type semiconductors are fitted on the both sides of p-type semiconductor to allow to pass current from them. (iii) Electronic current and static electricity: Electricity occurs in two forms: static electricity and electric current. Static electricity consists of electric charges that stay in one place. An electric current is a flow of electric charges between objects or locations: (iv) Concave and convex lens: A convex lens curves outward; it has a thick center and thinner edges. Light passing through a convex lens is bent inward, or made to converge; Concave lens: A diverging, or concave, lens is curved inward, with a thin center and thicker edges. Light passing through a concave lens bends outward, or diverges (v) Fats and oils: Fats are soft and greasy at ordinary temperatures, whereas fixed oils—as distinct from essential oils and petroleum—are liquid. (vi) Absorption and adsorption: Adsorption : the adhesion of a thin layer of molecules of some substance to the surface of a solid or liquid. Absorption: the ability of a substance to absorb light, noise, or energy, or the fact that it does so 13. Which part of a plant do they belong to? Answers: (i) Ginger........................Underground Stem (ii) Raddish.....................Edible Root (iii) Potato..................... Under ground Stem (tuber) (iv) Cinnamon.................Bark of stem (v) Peanut.....................Underground Seed/Fruit (vi) Saffron...................Stigma of Flower (vii) Almond...................Fruit (viii) Chillies....................Edible pod with seeds/Fruit (ix) Spinach...................Leaves (x) Tomato ...................Fruit 15. Fill in the blanks. (i) In a heat engine, heat energy is changed into _________ (mechanical energy, magnetic energy, light energy) (ii) Frequency of audible sound in Hertz (Hz) is _________ (20 – 20,000Hz, 20,000 – 30,000Hz, 30,000 – 4,000Hz) (iii) Deficiency of vitamin B causes _________ (rickets, beriberi, night blindness) (iv) Cheapest source of producing electricity is _________ (coal, natural gas, water) (v) The smallest unit of measurement of wavelength is _________ (micrometer, angstrom, nanometer) (vi) The chemical generally used in refrigerators is _________ (ethylene glycol,freon, methyl alcohol) (vii) The unit of ‘TON’ to specify air conditioners is equal to _________ (10,000 BTU/hour, 12,000 BTU/hour, 16,000 BTU/hour) (viii) Unit of electricity ‘KILOWATT HOUR’ is the unit of (force, work, power) (ix) Period of famous Muslim scientists is _________ (3rd – 5th century, 6th – 7th century, 7th – 13th century A.D.) (x) Heat radiation travels at a speed equal to _________ (half the speed of light, speed of light, speed of wind)
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Ammeter:an instrument used for measuring electric current in amperes. voltmeter:an instrument calibrated in volts that measures the electromotive force or potential difference between two points in a circuit. (iii) Adrenalin is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Gland, vital endocrine gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream, situated, in humans, on top of the upper end of each kidney. The two parts of the gland—the inner portion, or medulla, and the outer portion, or cortex—are like separate organs: They are composed of different types of tissue and perform different functions. The adrenal medulla, composed of chromaffin cells, secretes the hormone epinephrine, also called adrenaline, in response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at times of stress. The medulla also secretes the hormone norepinephrine, which plays a role in maintaining normal blood circulation. The hormones of the medulla are called catecholamines. Unlike the adrenal cortex, the medulla can be removed without endangering the life of an individual. The adrenal outer layer, or cortex, secretes about 30 steroid hormones, but only a few are secreted in significant amounts. Aldosterone, one of the most important hormones, regulates the balance of salt and water in the body. Cortisone and hydrocortisone are necessary to regulate fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Adrenal sex steroids have a minor influence on the reproductive system. Modified steroids, now produced synthetically, are superior to naturally secreted steroids for treatment of Addison's disease and other disorders
9. (a) Write response on the following: (i) The method by which men provides for his everyday needs and desires is called (Technology, Engineering, Versatility) (ii) Of all the flying machines, man has made only (Balloon Jet Air Craft, Rockets) are suitable for space flight. (iii) Transistors do not need a warm up period because they have no (Plate, Grid, Filament) (iv) If an object gives off its own light, it is said to be (transparent, illuminated,luminous) (v) An electric heater would be most likely to produce (X-rays, Ultra Violet, I R Radiations) (b) Fill in the blanks: (i) If the mass/volume ratio of a box containing stones is equal to the mass volume ratio of a box containing feather than the box containing stones has smaller volume of material in it. (ii) In any one kind of atom, the number of proton, electrons is the same, it is the number of neutrons which may change from atom to atom of the same element. (iii) The Kelvin scale of temperature is called the absolute scale. (iv) The type of radiation hat is unaffected by magnetic field is called alpha. (v) If we know the mass of an object and the force applied on it, it is possible to calculate acceleration of the object. 11. Match the following pairs from list I & list II Answers: List I…………….... ..…List II Kidney…………....… .Nephron Proteins………….... .Amino acid Photosynthesis.… .Plant Heredity…………... .Chromosomes Hemophilia………... .Bleeding disease Neuron…………...… .Nerve cell Pace Maker…..…. .Heart Virus……………....… Hepatitis Antigen…………... …Antibody Amphibian……….. ..Frog 14. (a) Name the organs responsible for the following functions present in either elements, plants or human.
a) Vision b) Reproduction c) Hormone secretion d) Blood pumping e) Food storagea) Eye b) Gonades c) Glands d) Heart e) Stem and stomach (b) Fill in the blanks: (i) Active transport in animals and plants required metabolic energy and concentration gradient to carry the substances across cell membranes electrical gradient. (ii) Diseases that spread through air are called air born disease. (iii) Large trees give off aerial roots for the support of their heavy spreading branches. (iv) When iron is less in body the quantity of hemoglobin in cell decreases. (v) Arteries become hard due to deposition of fats in them.
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4. Attempt any five of the following (a) The solar system has: (i) 9 planets (ii) 12 planets (iii) 16 planets Ans. Now there are 8 major and several dwarf planets. (b) The science of study of old age is called: Ans. (i) Gerontology (ii) Carcinology (iii) Nephrology (c) The instrument used for measuring the velocity of air: (i) Barometer Ans. (ii) Anemometer (iii) Potometer (d) The science which deals with the bird is called: (i) Entomology Ans. (ii) Ornithology (iii) Herpetology (e) The function of the thermostat in a refrigerator is: (i) To increase the freezing point (ii) To Lower the temperature Ans. (iii) To maintain the temperature (f) Blotting paper absorbs ink because: (i) It has a chemical affinity for ink Ans. (ii) The action of capillary (iii) The force of gravitation acts between blotting paper and ink. (g) Mirage is an example of: (i) Reflection of light (ii) Refraction and internal reflection of light (iii) Polarization of light 6. Where are the following animals found? Answer any five.
a) Kangaroo b) Kiwi c) Llama d) Ibex e) Panda f) Snow Leopard g) Penguin a) Australia b) New Zealand c) South America d) Himalaya, Abyssinia e) North India f) Central Asian Mountains g) Cooler waters and along the coastlines in Southern Hemisphere7. Name the sources of any five of the following biological products.
a) Musk b) Codeine c) Cocaine d) Quinine e) Colchicines f) Digilain a) Abdominal gland of male musk deer b) From opium c) Cocaine d) Bark of cinchona e) From colchicum f) Leaves from the purple foxglove; a plantDifferentiate between any five of the following: Answers: a) DNA & RNA RNA: It is single stranded molecule. Contains Ribose sugar. contains adanine, guanine ,cytosine, & uracil bases. generally located in cytoplasm. is of three kinds DNA: Double stranded deoxyribose. contains adanine, guanine cytosine and thymine bases is of one kind b) Alloy and Amalgam: Alloy: Substance composed of two or more metals. Alloys, like pure metals, possess metallic luster and conduct heat and electricity well, although not generally as well as do the pure metals of which they are formed. Compounds that contain both a metal or metals and certain nonmetals, particularly those containing carbon, are also called alloys. The most important of these is steel. Simple carbon steels consist of about 0.5 percent manganese and up to 0.8 percent carbon, with the remaining material being iron. Amalgam: Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with one or more metals. d) Stars and Planets: Stars: Heavenly bodies that shine by its own light and remains relatively fixed in position among the other bodies in the universe.light and energy is generated in a star by the conversion of hydrogen into helium. Planet: Opaque bodies revolving around the sun in its own orbit & also rotating on its own axis, shines by reflection of the light of other stars( such as sun). e) Gas and Vapour: The terms vapor and gas can be used interchangeably, although in practice, vapor is used for a substance that is normally in liquid or solid state, such as water, benzene, and iodine. It has been proposed that the use of the term vapor be restricted to a gaseous substance below its critical point; the temperature at which it may be liquefied by the application of sufficient pressure) and the term gas should be used above the critical temperature when the existence of the substance in the liquid or solid state is impossible. This usage is essentially arbitrary because all gaseous substances follow a similar behavior both above and below the critical point. f) Brass and Bronze: Brass: an alloy of copper and zinc Bronze: an alloy of copper and tin 13. Name two diseases caused by following groups of micro-organisms.
a) Bacteria b) Viruses c) Protozoa d) Fungi a) Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Cholera b) Poliomyelitis, Influenza c) Sleeping sickness, Amoebic dysentery d) Ringworm, Actinomycosis
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1. Which of the following statements are false and which are true. a) Urea is a phosphorous fertilizer. False b) Ibn Baitar was a renowned Muslim Botanist. True c) Penicillin was discovered by Edward Jenner. False d) Cellulose is a natural polymer. True e) Vitamin A and D are water soluble. False f) Amoeba is a unicellular animal. True g) Solar eclipse occurs in full moon. False h) Water is a bad conductor of electricity. False i) Leprosy is a disorder of the nervous system. False j) Chlorofluorocarbons cause decomposition of ozone. True 4. Fill in the blanks with correct choice. 1. Quartz is chemically a silicate. 2. Chicken egg is composed of one cell. 3. Visible light energy has the wavelength range of 400 to 700. 4. The particles with positive charge but having mass equal to that of electron is called proton. 5. Gas in children’s play-balloons going upward is Helium. 6. Standard pressure is 760 mm. 7. Iron corrodes due to the formation of Iron Oxide. 8. Explain in detail what is a balanced diet; name a nutrient present in each of the following food:
1. Apple 2. Bread 3. Meat 4. Butter 5. Orange 6. Egg 7. Milk 8. Spinach 1. Vitamin C 2. Starch 3. Vitamin A 4. Vitamin A 5. Vitamin C 6. Vitamin D 7. Vitamin A, C, D 8. Vitamin K 12. Name the instruments used for measuring each of the following:
(i) Pressure (ii) Voltage (iii) Purity of milk (iv) Temperature (v) Velocity of wind (i). Barometer (ii). Voltmeter (iii). Lactometer (iv). Thermometer (v). Anemometer 15. Fill in the blanks: (i) Starch is a polymer of glucose. (ii) A big astronomical observatory known as the Royal Greenwich, London was established during the reign of Caliph Mamoon. (iii) Adrenalin is secreted by the Adrenal gland. (iv) Mars planet is nearest to the earth. (v) CFC is the abbreviation of Chlorofluorocarbon. (vi) The process of conversion of a material from solid state directly to gaseous state is called sublimation. (vii) A junction diode is formed by PWP semiconductor pieces whereas junction transistor is a sandwich made up of PNP transistor.
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1. Which of the following statements are true and which are false: a) Bacteria are parasites. True b) Ruby is an Oxide of Aluminum. True c) In the Australian continent, days are longer than nights in June. False d) Gypsum is hydrated calcium carbonate chemically. False e) Twenty-three moons revolve around Saturn. False f) Pluto is the coldest planet. True – provided that if we consider it a planet. g) Chromite ore contains chromium oxide. True h) Mica is a nonconductor of electricity. True i) Sun is the biggest star in the universe. False j) The earth completes one rotation about its axis in 365.25 days. False 4. Fill in the blanks: (i) The capacity to do work is called energy. (ii) The energy possessed by a body due to its position is called potential energy. (iii) Kitab al-Manazir is a publication by a famous Muslim scientist about optics. (iv) Nucleus usually lies in the centre of an animal cell. (v) Calcium and phosphorus are the essential elements of bones. (vi) Proteins are formed by combination of amino acids. (vii) Rainwater dissolves sulphur dioxide to form sulphuric acid. (viii) The set of instructions given to a computer is called command. (ix) Chemicals such as penicillin which act on bacteria are called antibiotics. (x) Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 hit the planet Mars in July this year (collision took place in July 1994) 7. Give brief answers for any five of the following: (i) Name the two proteins found in milk. Ans. albumin, globulin and casein (ii) What organ of human body controls the amount of water and salt in blood? Ans. kidneys (iii) Drugs are classified into five major groups. Define any two. Antibiotics Antiparasitic Antiviral Antiprotozoal Hormonal (iv) How do chromosomes in a male and female differ in a human body. Male XY Female XX (v) Which two gases do you exhale more than you inhale? Ans. Carbon dioxide and oxygen (vi) Name any two glands which secretes hormones in human body Ans. Thyroid and Pituitary , Pancreas 9. Differentiate between any five of the following pairs. (i) Veins and arteries: Veins: carry deoxygenated blood to heart from body parts and arteries carry oxygenated blood from body parts to heart. Veins are thin and less elastic than arteries. (ii) PNP and NPN transistor: PNP transistors is the one in which one N, type semiconductor is sandwiched in between two P type or accepter diodes while NPN transistor is the one in which two N type semiconductors are fitted on the both sides of p-type semiconductor to allow to pass current from them. (iii) Electronic current and static electricity: Electricity occurs in two forms: static electricity and electric current. Static electricity consists of electric charges that stay in one place. An electric current is a flow of electric charges between objects or locations: (iv) Concave and convex lens: A convex lens curves outward; it has a thick center and thinner edges. Light passing through a convex lens is bent inward, or made to converge; Concave lens: A diverging, or concave, lens is curved inward, with a thin center and thicker edges. Light passing through a concave lens bends outward, or diverges (v) Fats and oils: Fats are soft and greasy at ordinary temperatures, whereas fixed oils—as distinct from essential oils and petroleum—are liquid. (vi) Absorption and adsorption: Adsorption : the adhesion of a thin layer of molecules of some substance to the surface of a solid or liquid. Absorption: the ability of a substance to absorb light, noise, or energy, or the fact that it does so 13. Which part of a plant do they belong to? Answers: (i) Ginger........................Underground Stem (ii) Raddish.....................Edible Root (iii) Potato..................... Under ground Stem (tuber) (iv) Cinnamon.................Bark of stem (v) Peanut.....................Underground Seed/Fruit (vi) Saffron...................Stigma of Flower (vii) Almond...................Fruit (viii) Chillies....................Edible pod with seeds/Fruit (ix) Spinach...................Leaves (x) Tomato ...................Fruit 15. Fill in the blanks. (i) In a heat engine, heat energy is changed into _________ (mechanical energy, magnetic energy, light energy) (ii) Frequency of audible sound in Hertz (Hz) is _________ (20 – 20,000Hz, 20,000 – 30,000Hz, 30,000 – 4,000Hz) (iii) Deficiency of vitamin B causes _________ (rickets, beriberi, night blindness) (iv) Cheapest source of producing electricity is _________ (coal, natural gas, water) (v) The smallest unit of measurement of wavelength is _________ (micrometer, angstrom, nanometer) (vi) The chemical generally used in refrigerators is _________ (ethylene glycol,freon, methyl alcohol) (vii) The unit of ‘TON’ to specify air conditioners is equal to _________ (10,000 BTU/hour, 12,000 BTU/hour, 16,000 BTU/hour) (viii) Unit of electricity ‘KILOWATT HOUR’ is the unit of (force, work, power) (ix) Period of famous Muslim scientists is _________ (3rd – 5th century, 6th – 7th century, 7th – 13th century A.D.) (x) Heat radiation travels at a speed equal to _________ (half the speed of light, speed of light, speed of wind)
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